Subtractive vs Hybrid CNC-AM ya Kukonza Zida

PFT, Shenzhen

Kafukufukuyu akufanizira mphamvu zamakina achikhalidwe a CNC okhala ndi makina osakanizidwa a CNC-Additive Manufacturing (AM) pakukonza zida zamafakitale. Ma metrics ogwirira ntchito (nthawi yokonza, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, mphamvu zamakina) adayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa koyendetsedwa pakufa kwa masitampu owonongeka. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa njira zosakanizidwa zimachepetsa zinyalala zakuthupi ndi 28-42% ndikufupikitsa kukonzanso ndi 15-30% motsutsana ndi njira zochotsera. Kusanthula kwa Microstructural kumatsimikizira mphamvu yofananira (≥98% ya chida choyambirira) m'zigawo zokonzedwanso zosakanizidwa. Cholepheretsa chachikulu chikuphatikiza zopinga za geometric zovuta pakuyika kwa AM. Zomwe zapezazi zikuwonetsa hybrid CNC-AM ngati njira yotheka yokonzekera zida zokhazikika.

1 Mawu Oyamba

Kuwonongeka kwa zida kumawononga mafakitale opangira $240B pachaka (NIST, 2024). Traditional subtractive CNC kukonza amachotsa zigawo zowonongeka kudzera mphero/kupera, nthawi zambiri kutaya> 60% ya salvageable zakuthupi. Kuphatikiza kwa Hybrid CNC-AM (kuyika mphamvu molunjika pazida zomwe zilipo) kumalonjeza kuchita bwino kwazinthu koma kulibe kutsimikizika kwa mafakitale. Kafukufukuyu amawerengera zabwino zomwe zimayenderana ndi ma hybrid workflows motsutsana ndi njira zodziwika bwino zochotsera zida zamtengo wapatali.

2 Njira

2.1 Mapangidwe Oyesera

Zisanu zowonongeka za H13 zitsulo zimafa (miyeso: 300 × 150 × 80mm) zidapangidwa ndi ndondomeko ziwiri zokonzekera:

• Gulu A (Otsitsa):
  - Kuchotsa zowonongeka kudzera pa 5-axis milling (DMG MORI DMU 80)
  - Kuyika kwa Welding filler (GTAW)
  - Malizani kukonza mpaka CAD yoyambirira

• Gulu B (Zophatikiza):
  - Kuchotsa zolakwika zochepa (<1mm kuya)
  - DED kukonza pogwiritsa ntchito Meltio M450 (316L waya)
  - Adaptive CNC remachining (Siemens NX CAM)

2.2 Kupeza Data

• Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri: Miyezo yamisa isanakwane/kukonzanso (Mettler XS205)

• Kutsata Nthawi: Kuyang'anira ndondomeko ndi masensa a IoT (ToolConnect)

• Kuyesa Kwamakina:
  - Mapu olimba (Buehler IndentaMet 1100)
  - Zitsanzo zolimba (ASTM E8/E8M) zochokera kumadera okonzedwa

3 Zotsatira & Kusanthula

3.1 Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida

Gulu 1: Kulinganiza kwa Metrics Njira Yokonza

3.2 Kukhulupirika Kwamakina

Zitsanzo zokonzedwa mophatikizana zikuwonetsedwa:

• Kuuma kosasinthasintha (52–54 HRC vs. 53 HRC yoyambirira)

• Mphamvu zokhazikika: 1,890 MPa (± 25 MPa) - 98.4% yazinthu zoyambira

• Palibe delamination yapakati pakuyezetsa kutopa (10⁶ mizunguliro pa 80% imabweretsa kupsinjika)

Chithunzi 1: Microstructure ya mawonekedwe a hybrid kukonza (SEM 500 ×)
Chidziwitso: Kapangidwe kambewu kofanana pamalire ophatikizika kumawonetsa kuwongolera bwino kwamafuta.

4 Nkhani

4.1 Zotsatira za Ntchito

Kuchepetsa nthawi 28.9% kumachokera pakuchotsa zinthu zambiri. Kukonzekera kwa hybrid kumakhala kopindulitsa pa:

• Chida chodziwikiratu chokhala ndi katundu wosiyidwa

• Ma geometri ovuta kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, njira zozizilitsira zosavomerezeka)

• Zochitika zokonza zochepa

4.2 Zopinga zaukadaulo

Zochepera zomwe zawonedwa:

• Ngongole yayikulu yoyika: 45° kuchokera m'mbali mwake (amateteza kuwonongeka kwakukulu)

• Kusiyanasiyana kwa makulidwe a DED: ± 0.12mm kufuna njira zosinthira

• Chithandizo cha post-process HIP chofunikira pazida zamakalasi apamlengalenga

5 Mapeto

Hybrid CNC-AM imachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zokonzetsera ndi 23-42% ndikusunga mawotchi ofanana ndi njira zochotsera. Kukhazikitsa kumalimbikitsidwa pazigawo zokhala ndi zovuta za geometric pomwe kusungitsa zinthu kumatsimikizira mtengo wa AM. Kafukufuku wotsatira adzakonza njira zopangira zida zolimba (> 60 HRC).