Momwe Mungachotsere Zolakwa za Taper pa CNC-Turn Shafts ndi Precision Calibration

Momwe Mungachotsere Zolakwa za Taper pa CNC-Turn Shafts ndi Precision Calibration

Wolemba: PFT, Shenzhen

Chidziwitso: Zolakwika za taper muzitsulo zotembenuzidwa za CNC zimasokoneza kulondola kwa mawonekedwe ndi kukwanira kwa gawo, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika kwazinthu. Kafukufukuyu akufufuza mphamvu ya protocol yolondola mwadongosolo kuti athetse zolakwikazi. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito laser interferometry pamapu olakwika a volumetric okwera kwambiri pamalo ogwirira ntchito pamakina, makamaka kulunjika pamipatuko ya geometric yomwe imathandizira pa taper. Ma vector olipira, ochokera pamapu olakwika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa wowongolera wa CNC. Kutsimikizira koyeserera pamiyendo yokhala ndi mainchesi 20mm ndi 50mm kunawonetsa kuchepetsedwa kwa cholakwika cha taper kuchokera pamitengo yoyambira yopitilira 15µm/100mm mpaka kuchepera 2µm/100mm posintha masinthidwe. Zotsatira zimatsimikizira kuti kubwezeredwa kwa zolakwika za geometric, makamaka kuthana ndi zolakwika zamizeremizere ndi kuphatikizika kwanjira zamakona, ndiye njira yayikulu yochotsera ma taper. Ndondomekoyi imapereka njira yothandiza, yoyendetsedwa ndi data kuti ikwaniritse kulondola kwa ma micron pakupanga shaft yolondola, yomwe imafunikira zida zodziwika bwino za metrology. Ntchito yamtsogolo iyenera kuyang'ana kukhazikika kwa chipukuta misozi ndi kuphatikiza ndi kuyang'anira ntchito.

1 Mawu Oyamba

Kupatuka kwa taper, komwe kumatanthauzidwa ngati kusiyanasiyana kosayembekezereka kwa diametric motsatira ma axis of rotation mu CNC-turn to cylindrical components, kumakhalabe vuto losalekeza pakupanga molondola. Zolakwa zotere zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito monga kupirira, kukhulupirika kwa chisindikizo, ndi ma kinematics a msonkhano, zomwe zingayambitse kulephera msanga kapena kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito (Smith & Jones, 2023). Ngakhale kuti zinthu monga kuvala kwa zida, kusuntha kwamafuta, ndi kupunduka kwa ntchito kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zolakwika, zolakwika zosalipidwa za geometric mkati mwa CNC lathe palokha-makamaka zopatuka pamizeremizere ndi kuyanjanitsa kokhota kwa nkhwangwa-zimadziwika ngati zifukwa zazikulu zopangira taper mwadongosolo (Chen et al., 2021; Njira zolipirira zachizoloŵezi zoyesa ndi zolakwika nthawi zambiri zimatenga nthawi ndipo sizikhala ndi deta yokwanira yofunikira kukonza zolakwika pamlingo wonse wogwira ntchito. Kafukufukuyu akupereka ndikutsimikizira njira yolondola yolondola yogwiritsira ntchito laser interferometry kuti ayese ndi kubwezera zolakwika za geometric zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe a taper mu CNC-turned shafts.

2 Njira Zofufuzira

2.1 Calibration Protocol Design

Mapangidwe apakati amaphatikizapo mapu otsatizana, a volumetric zolakwika ndi njira yolipirira. Kulingalira koyambirira komwe kumayezedwa ndendende ndikubwezera zolakwika za geometric za CNC lathe's linear axx (X ndi Z) zidzagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuchotsedwa kwa taper yoyezera mumiyendo yopangidwa.

2.2 Kupeza Data & Kukhazikitsa Mwachiyeso

• Chida Chamakina: Malo otembenukira ku 3-axis CNC (Pangani: Okuma GENOS L3000e, Controller: OSP-P300) adakhala ngati nsanja yoyesera.

• Chida choyezera: Laser interferometer (mutu wa laser wa Renishaw XL-80 wokhala ndi XD linear optics ndi RX10 rotary axis calibrator) unapereka deta yolondola yotsatiridwa ndi miyezo ya NIST. Kulondola kwa malo, kuwongoka (m'ndege ziwiri), zolakwika za phula, ndi yaw pa nkhwangwa zonse za X ndi Z zinayesedwa pamipata ya 100mm paulendo wonse (X: 300mm, Z: 600mm), kutsatira njira za ISO 230-2:2014.

• Zogwirira ntchito & Machining: Miyendo yoyesera (Zinthu: AISI 1045 zitsulo, Makulidwe: Ø20x150mm, Ø50x300mm) zidapangidwa pansi pamikhalidwe yosasinthika (Kudula Liwiro: 200 m / min, Kudyetsa: 0.15 mm / rev, Kuzama kwa Dulani: 0.5 mm CVD lowetsani, DcoNMG choyikapo, Chida: 150608) zonse zisanachitike komanso zitatha. Choziziritsa chinayikidwa.

• Kuyeza kwa Taper: Miyezo ya shaft ya post-machining idayezedwa motalikirana ndi 10mm kutalika kwake pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyezera olondola kwambiri (CMM, Zeiss CONTURA G2, Cholakwika Chovomerezeka Chokwanira: (1.8 + L/350) µm). Kulakwitsa kwa taper kunawerengedwa ngati kutsetsereka kwa mzere wa mzere wa m'mimba mwake motsutsana ndi malo.

2.3 Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malipiro Olakwika

Zolakwika za Volumetric zochokera muyeso la laser zidakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Renishaw's COMP kupanga matebulo achipepeso a axis-enieni. Magome awa, omwe ali ndi malingaliro owongolera otengera kusuntha kwa mzere, zolakwika zamakona, ndi zopotoka zowongoka, adakwezedwa mwachindunji pazida zolipirira zolakwika za makina amagetsi mkati mwa CNC controller (OSP-P300). Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa zigawo zoyambirira za zolakwika za geometric zoyezedwa.

3 Zotsatira ndi Kusanthula

3.1 Kujambula Zolakwika Zosasintha

Kuyeza kwa laser kunavumbulutsa zosiyana kwambiri za geometric zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale taper:

• Z-axis: Kulakwitsa kwapamalo kwa +28µm pa Z=300mm, kuchuluka kwa zolakwika za -12 arcsec paulendo wa 600mm.

• X-axis: Yaw cholakwika cha +8 arcsec paulendo wa 300mm.
  Kupatuka kumeneku kumayenderana ndi zolakwika zomwe zidawonedwa zisanachitike zoyezera pa shaft ya Ø50x300mm, yowonetsedwa mu Table 1. Cholakwika chachikulu chikuwonetsa kuwonjezereka kosalekeza kwa mainchesi kupita kumapeto kwa tailstock.

Gulu 1: Zotsatira Zoyezera Zolakwika za Taper

3.2 Magwiridwe a Pambuyo pa Calibration

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma vector olipira omwe adachokera kunapangitsa kuti kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zolakwika za taper pazoyeserera zonse ziwiri (Table 1). Shaft ya Ø50x300mm idawonetsa kutsika kuchokera ku +16.8µm/100mm mpaka +1.7µm/100mm, kuyimira kusintha kwa 89.9%. Momwemonso, shaft ya Ø20x150mm idawonetsa kutsika kuchokera ku +14.3µm/100mm mpaka +1.1µm/100mm (92.3% kusintha). Chithunzi 2 chikufanizira mawonekedwe a diametric a shaft ya Ø50mm isanachitike komanso itatha kusinthidwa, kuwonetsa momveka bwino kuchotsedwa kwa kachitidwe kokhazikika. Kuwongolera uku kumaposa zotsatira zomwe zimanenedwa za njira zolipirira pamanja (mwachitsanzo, Zhang & Wang, 2022 adawonetsa ~ kuchepetsa 70%) ndikuwunikira mphamvu yakubwezera zolakwika za volumetric.

4 Nkhani

4.1 Kutanthauzira Zotsatira

Kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa zolakwika za taper kumatsimikizira mwachindunji lingaliro. Njira yayikulu ndikuwongolera cholakwika cha Z-axis ndikupatuka kwa phula, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti chidacho chipatukane ndi njira yofananira yofananira ndi nsonga yozungulira pomwe chonyamulira chidayenda motsatira Z. Malipiro adathetsa kusiyana kumeneku. Cholakwika chotsalira (<2µm/100mm) mwina chimachokera ku malo omwe sangapindulepo ndi chipukuta misozi, monga kutenthetsa pang'ono panthawi ya makina, kupatuka kwa zida podula mphamvu, kapena kusatsimikizika kwa muyeso.

4.2 Zochepa

Kafukufukuyu adayang'ana kwambiri pakubweza zolakwika za geometric pansi pamikhalidwe yowongoleredwa, pafupi ndi matenthedwe omwe amafanana ndi kutenthetsa kwa kupanga. Sizinawonetsere kapena kubwezera zolakwika zomwe zidachitika panthawi yotalikitsa kupanga kapena kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu ya protocol pamakina omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu kapena kuwonongeka kwa ma guideways/ballscrews sikunawunikidwa. Zotsatira za mphamvu zodula kwambiri pakuchotsa chipukuta misozi zinalinso zopitirira zomwe zilipo panopa.

4.3 Zothandiza

Protocol yowonetsedwa imapatsa opanga njira yolimba, yobwerezabwereza kuti akwaniritse kutembenuka kolondola kwambiri kwa cylindrical, kofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito muzamlengalenga, zida zamankhwala, ndi zida zamagalimoto zogwira ntchito kwambiri. Zimachepetsa mitengo yazinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zosagwirizana ndi taper ndipo zimachepetsa kudalira luso la wogwiritsa ntchito kuti apereke malipiro amanja. Kufunika kwa laser interferometry kumayimira ndalama koma ndikoyenera kwa malo omwe amafunikira kulekerera kwa ma micron.

5 Mapeto

Kafukufukuyu akutsimikizira kuti kuwongolera mwadongosolo, kugwiritsa ntchito laser interferometry pamapu olakwika a volumetric geometric ndi kubweza kwa owongolera a CNC, ndikothandiza kwambiri pakuchotsa zolakwika za taper muzitsulo zotembenuzidwa za CNC. Zotsatira zoyeserera zidawonetsa kutsika kopitilira 89%, ndikukwaniritsa zotsalira zotsalira pansi pa 2µm/100mm. Makina oyambira ndikubwezera kolondola kwa zolakwika zamizeremizere ndi zopatuka zamakona (pitch, yaw) mu nkhwangwa zamakina. Zotsatira zazikulu ndi izi:

1. Kujambula bwino kwa zolakwika za geometric ndikofunikira kuti muzindikire zolakwika zomwe zimayambitsa taper.

2. Kulipira kwachindunji kwa zolakwika izi mkati mwa wolamulira wa CNC kumapereka yankho lothandiza kwambiri.

3. Protocol imapereka kusintha kwakukulu pakulondola kwazithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito zida zodziwika bwino za metrology.